"begalewen" meaning in Middle English

See begalewen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Forms: begaleweth [present, singular, third-person], begalewende [participle, present], begalewynge [participle, present], begalewed [first-person, indicative, participle, past, singular, third-person]
Etymology: From bi- + *galewen, probably related to Old English āgælwed (“astonished, disconcerted”), Old English āgelwan (“to astonish, stupify”). Compare agælwed (“consternated, astonished”) and gealg (“troubled, dismayed”), from Proto-Germanic *gálx, *galg, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *g(')hAlk(')h-, connected with Ancient Greek καλχαίνω (kalkhaínō, “to make purple”) << κάλχη (kálkhē, “purple”), later with a poetic sense of "be excited, ponder deeply." Etymology templates: {{af|enm|bi-|*galewen}} bi- + *galewen, {{cog|ang|āgælwed|t=astonished, disconcerted}} Old English āgælwed (“astonished, disconcerted”), {{cog|ang|āgelwan|t=to astonish, stupify}} Old English āgelwan (“to astonish, stupify”), {{der|enm|gem-pro|*gálx}} Proto-Germanic *gálx, {{der|enm|ine-pro|*g(&#x27;)hAlk(&#x27;)h-}} Proto-Indo-European *g(')hAlk(')h-, {{cog|grc|καλχαίνω||to make purple}} Ancient Greek καλχαίνω (kalkhaínō, “to make purple”) Head templates: {{head|enm|verb|head=}} begalewen, {{enm-verb|stem=begalew}} begalewen (third-person singular simple present begaleweth, present participle begalewende, begalewynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle begalewed)
  1. (transitive) To frighten. Tags: transitive
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "bi-",
        "3": "*galewen"
      },
      "expansion": "bi- + *galewen",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "āgælwed",
        "t": "astonished, disconcerted"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English āgælwed (“astonished, disconcerted”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "āgelwan",
        "t": "to astonish, stupify"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English āgelwan (“to astonish, stupify”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*gálx"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gálx",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*g(')hAlk(')h-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *g(')hAlk(')h-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "καλχαίνω",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to make purple"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek καλχαίνω (kalkhaínō, “to make purple”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From bi- + *galewen, probably related to Old English āgælwed (“astonished, disconcerted”), Old English āgelwan (“to astonish, stupify”).\nCompare agælwed (“consternated, astonished”) and gealg (“troubled, dismayed”), from Proto-Germanic *gálx, *galg, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *g(')hAlk(')h-, connected with Ancient Greek καλχαίνω (kalkhaínō, “to make purple”) << κάλχη (kálkhē, “purple”), later with a poetic sense of \"be excited, ponder deeply.\"",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "begaleweth",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "begalewende",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "begalewynge",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "begalewed",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "begalewen",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "stem": "begalew"
      },
      "expansion": "begalewen (third-person singular simple present begaleweth, present participle begalewende, begalewynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle begalewed)",
      "name": "enm-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English terms prefixed with bi-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "That horse was swift as any swalowe / No man might that horse begallowe.\n(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
          "text": "c. 1320, \"Bevis of H.\" in Ellis Specim. (1811) II. 171",
          "translation": "That horse was swift as any swalowe / No man might that horse begallowe.\n(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To frighten."
      ],
      "id": "en-begalewen-enm-verb-dGDZuwNZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "frighten",
          "frighten"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To frighten."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "begalewen"
}
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "bi-",
        "3": "*galewen"
      },
      "expansion": "bi- + *galewen",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "āgælwed",
        "t": "astonished, disconcerted"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English āgælwed (“astonished, disconcerted”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "āgelwan",
        "t": "to astonish, stupify"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English āgelwan (“to astonish, stupify”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*gálx"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gálx",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*g(')hAlk(')h-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *g(')hAlk(')h-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "καλχαίνω",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to make purple"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek καλχαίνω (kalkhaínō, “to make purple”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From bi- + *galewen, probably related to Old English āgælwed (“astonished, disconcerted”), Old English āgelwan (“to astonish, stupify”).\nCompare agælwed (“consternated, astonished”) and gealg (“troubled, dismayed”), from Proto-Germanic *gálx, *galg, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *g(')hAlk(')h-, connected with Ancient Greek καλχαίνω (kalkhaínō, “to make purple”) << κάλχη (kálkhē, “purple”), later with a poetic sense of \"be excited, ponder deeply.\"",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "begaleweth",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "begalewende",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "begalewynge",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "begalewed",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "begalewen",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "stem": "begalew"
      },
      "expansion": "begalewen (third-person singular simple present begaleweth, present participle begalewende, begalewynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle begalewed)",
      "name": "enm-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
        "Middle English lemmas",
        "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Middle English terms prefixed with bi-",
        "Middle English terms with quotations",
        "Middle English transitive verbs",
        "Middle English verbs",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "That horse was swift as any swalowe / No man might that horse begallowe.\n(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
          "text": "c. 1320, \"Bevis of H.\" in Ellis Specim. (1811) II. 171",
          "translation": "That horse was swift as any swalowe / No man might that horse begallowe.\n(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To frighten."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "frighten",
          "frighten"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To frighten."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "begalewen"
}

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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (96027d6 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.